Recent Innovations in Photovoltaic Systems for Efficient Solar Energy Generation

The field of photovoltaic (PV) technology has seen notable advancements, enhancing the efficiency, affordability, and accessibility of solar energy systems. This paper examines recent developments in PV technology, focusing on improvements in materials, cell structures, and manufacturing techniques that contribute to better performance and lower costs. It explores emerging technologies such as perovskite, tandem, and organic solar cells, analyzing their efficiency, stability, and scalability challenges. Additionally, the study discusses cost-reduction strategies, including roll-to-roll printing and thin-film deposition. Innovations in energy storage, solar tracking, and concentrator systems are also highlighted for their role in enhancing solar energy capture. Environmental impacts related to PV production, operation, and disposal are considered, alongside economic and policy factors supporting PV adoption. The paper addresses future challenges and research directions needed to further advance PV technology’s role in sustainable energy generation.