3D Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Heart Movements in Normal and Atrial Fibrillation States

The heart's three-dimensional (3D) motion is a complex physiological process critical for efficient blood circulation. Abnormalities such as atrial fibrillation (AF) disrupt the synchronized contraction, leading to clinical complications. This paper presents a mathematical model for 3D heart motion under normal and fibrillated conditions, followed by simulation-based visualization using Python. The model is grounded in biomechanical principles and fluid- structure interactions, with numerical approximations to represent dynamic tissue deformation.