Analysis of the Export Competitiveness of Indonesia's Horticultural Fruit Products in the International Market

This study examines the export competitiveness of Indonesian fruit horticulture products—specifically HS codes 080450 (mangosteen), 080390 (banana), 080430 (pineapple), and 081060 (durian)—in key international markets: Malaysia, Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and the Gravity Model, it reveals varying levels of competitiveness, with most products showing limited strength. Mangosteen and bananas exhibit a comparative advantage (RCA > 1) but are classified as Falling Stars due to declining market shares. This suggests underutilized potential is constrained by quality, logistics, and market adaptation. In contrast, pineapples in China and the UAE show export growth despite a low RCA, indicating Rising Star status and potential to enhance competitiveness through better quality, certification, and promotion. Gravity Model estimates suggest that exports are significantly influenced by destination countries’ GDP, population, export prices, and exchange rates. GDP and population positively affect high-value commodities like durian and pineapple, while economic distance negatively impacts trade due to logistical challenges. The results underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance product quality, logistics, and market access, particularly in countries with large populations and high purchasing power, to strengthen Indonesia’s global horticultural export position.