The Role of Nutrition in Menstrual Cycle Regularity and the Management of Menstrual Disorder: A Review

The menstrual cycle serves as a critical marker of women’s reproductive health and is intricately governed by hormonal interactions that are notably sensitive to external influences like diet. Recent studies emphasize the significant influence nutrition has on sustaining cycle regularity and mitigating menstrual disorders. A nutritionally balanced diet supports hormonal equilibrium, whereas poor eating habits are frequently associated with menstrual disruptions. Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and functional hypothalamic amenorrhea have been linked to inadequate dietary patterns. Diets high in refined sugars, Tran’s fats, and processed items contribute to insulin resistance and hormonal fluctuations seen in PCOS. In contrast, anti-inflammatory diets have demonstrated benefits in managing dysmenorrhea and PMS symptoms, highlighting the potential of dietary changes as a non-pharmacological strategy. Essential nutrients such as iron, magnesium, calcium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids are closely associated with menstrual health. Iron replenishes menstrual blood loss, and both magnesium and vitamin B6 have been shown to relieve PMS symptoms. Vitamin D insufficiency correlates with irregular menstruation and PCOS risk. Diets like the Mediterranean pattern, which emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, support menstrual balance, while high-glycemic diets and severe calorie restriction may disrupt cycles and trigger amenorrhea. This review emphasizes the integral role nutrition plays in menstrual cycle regulation and disorder management. Recognizing these connections can guide nutritional interventions that enhance reproductive well-being in a holistic and accessible manner. Further research is essential to create tailored dietary guidelines for improving menstrual health.