Determinants of Elderly Well-Being in Europe and Asia: A Multidimensional Review

The accelerating pace of population aging in Europe and Asia presents complex challenges for public health, social systems, and policy frameworks. This review synthesizes empirical evidence from diverse methodological approaches— including longitudinal, cross-sectional, and meta-analytic studies—to explore the interrelated dimensions of elderly well- being. Key focus areas include mental health, physical activity, cognitive engagement, social support, and sleep quality. Findings highlight the multifactorial nature of aging, where emotional resilience, familial and community ties, creative participation, and structured physical and cognitive activity serve as buffers against cognitive decline, depression, and social isolation. Cultural variations, gender differences, and the impact of COVID-19 are critically examined. The paper advocates for integrative, culturally contextualized, and evidence-based interventions that holistically address the psychosocial and physical needs of older adults, promoting active, meaningful aging across diverse populations.