Covid-19 Vaccines: A Review on Technology, Safety and Global Impact

In December 2019, a group of patients in Wuhan, China, developed an unexpected pneumonia. This led to the discovery of a new coronavirus, which the World Health Organization (WHO) called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) on January 7. After sequencing the novel virus's genome, scientists discovered that 86.9% of it is identical to the SARS-CoV genome. Later on, the nomenclature was modified to SARS-CoV-2, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2. Nearly two hundred million cases have been confirmed and four million people have died globally in less than 18 months since the pandemic began. A lot of work has also gone into developing safe and efficient vaccines. There were 18 COVID-19 vaccines authorized for use in emergencies by at least one regulatory body by July 2021, 184 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in pre-clinical development, and 105 in clinical development. Protein-based, viral vector, nucleic acid, and entire virus live attenuated or inactivated vaccines are among them. By the middle of 2021, three billion doses of the COVID-19 vaccination had been distributed globally, primarily in wealthy nations. There is hope that the COVID-19 pandemic will cease if and only if all nations worldwide have optimal uptake and equal access to the vaccine. The development of vaccines to prevent the spread of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has intensified as many nations continue to struggle with new infections brought on by the virus.