A Study of Blood Deposition Pattern on Various Surfaces: Analysing the Impact of Different Application over Time

Forensic bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is essential in crime scene reconstruction, offering insights into the cause, nature, and timing of blood deposition. This study examines how blood interacts with different surfaces—glass, tile, cloth, wood, and paper—using application methods such as dripping, splattering, and pooling. Fresh pig blood was used due to its similarity to human blood. Blood samples were deposited on selected surfaces and documented over 24 hours. Imagej software was used for grayscale conversion and edge detection, enhancing forensic interpretation. Results showed that non- porous surfaces (glass, tile) maintained welldefined stains, making time estimation more accurate, while porous surfaces (cloth, paper, wood) led to diffusion and absorption, complicating analysis. Time-dependent changes such as shrinkage, darkening, and coagulation were more evident on non-porous surfaces, reinforcing their forensic reliability. Findings confirm that surface characteristics and application methods significantly impact bloodstain patterns. Digital imaging enhances interpretation, improving forensic accuracy. This study refines BPA methodologies, aiding in crime scene reconstruction and legal evaluation of blood evidence. Future research should explore additional surfaces and integrate advanced imaging techniques to further enhance forensic reliability.