Comparative Study of KOHA, VTLS Virtua, and SOUL in University Libraries of Kashmir Division: An Evaluation of Effectiveness

This research paper critically evaluates the effectiveness of three Library Management Systems (LMS) – KOHA (open-source), VTLS Virtua (proprietary), and SOUL (proprietary) – in university libraries across the Kashmir Division. The study examines these systems based on key criteria such as functionality, usability, interoperability, cost-effectiveness, and user satisfaction, providing a detailed comparison to aid institutions in selecting or upgrading their LMS. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates surveys and interviews with library staff and users alongside system analysis. This comprehensive methodology combines both qualitative and quantitative data, ensuring a balanced evaluation. By analyzing real-world usage and user feedback, the study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each LMS, taking into account the specific needs and challenges faced by university libraries in the Kashmir region. KOHA, as an open-source LMS, stands out for its flexibility, cost-efficiency, and robust community support, though it may demand technical expertise for customization and maintenance. VTLS Virtua, a proprietary system, offers advanced features, scalability, and strong technical support but comes with significant licensing costs. SOUL, another proprietary system commonly adopted by Indian academic institutions, features a user-friendly interface but may lack the customization options and interoperability offered by KOHA. The findings provide valuable insights into the performance of these LMSs in academic settings, particularly in resource-constrained environments with technical challenges. The study aims to guide university libraries in making informed, data-driven decisions that align with their operational needs and budgetary constraints. Furthermore, the results can serve as a reference for regions facing similar challenges in library automation. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader conversation around LMS selection, supporting academic institutions in Kashmir and similar regions in choosing systems that best meet their requirements for effective library management and an improved user experience.