Comprehensive Review of Advanced Techniques for Mitigating SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Modern Applications

SQL injection (SQLi) remains a major security threat to database-driven applications, making it essential to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. In this research, we summarize effective strategies to prevent SQL injection attacks (SQLIAs), such as parameterized queries, stored procedures, Object Relational Mappers (ORM), input validation, input escaping, and Web Application Firewalls (WAF). We assess each technique based on how well it works, how easy it is to use, and its impact on performance, with real-world examples to show their use. Our literature review covers research from the past five years, highlighting the changing nature of SQLi threats and the improvements in prevention methods. This study offers a detailed look at effective SQLi prevention techniques and their implementation, and a comparison of their effectiveness. By understanding and using these approaches, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of SQLIAs and protect their important data.