Influence of Adult Literacy Programs on Individuals towards their Societal Economic Development in Kitwe District of Copperbelt Province of Zambia: A Review

This article provides a comprehensive review of the impact of adult literacy programs on individuals and societal development in Kitwe District, located in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. Despite the growing recognition of adult literacy as a key factor in fostering personal empowerment, economic growth, and social cohesion, limited research outcomes has been noticed on literacy initiatives within Kitwe. This review synthesizes existing literature on adult literacy in Zambia, with a particular focus on the unique challenges and opportunities faced by Kitwe residents. The article explores various dimensions of impact, including socio-economic outcomes, health improvements, gender empowerment, and community development. Additionally, it examines the effectiveness of different literacy program models such as community-based, government-led, and NGO-driven—while considering the role of socio-cultural and economic factors in shaping program success. The review also identifies significant gaps in the literature, particularly in relation to long-term impact assessments, the integration of technology, and the inclusion of marginalized groups such as women and individuals with disabilities. By addressing these gaps, the article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the potential of adult literacy programs in promoting sustainable development in Kitwe, and provides recommendations for improving program design and policy implementation. The findings have implications for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance adult literacy initiatives in urban and peri-urban settings across Zambia and other similar locations.