A Systematic Review on Artificial-Light-at-Night (ALAN): Foraging Activity and Behavioral Patterns Involving the Chiroptera

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) exposure on nocturnal animals is a growing environmental threat to wildlife, particularly to the species of bats. Understanding the negative impact of this anthropogenic event on wildlife can reduce the disruption in the behavioral pattern, which ameliorates the survival strategies, to acclimate successfully to the environment—adaptation. However, some of the related studies regarding the effect of ALAN on behavioral patterns of bats are limited. The main objective of this systematic review was to expound the sample size and to determine the correlation between the light exposure and the bat’s adaptation, focusing on the behavioral approach. To synthesize, the relevant studies such as the registered and databases were analyzed through a proper identification of the eligible sources and removal of the duplicates. Lack of access to literature and irrelevant studies were automatically excluded in the screening process. The synthesis revealed that bats experienced significant avoidance behavior in blue-rich LED lighting with a high intensity of (≥50 lux), while other species exhibited attraction to low-intensity due to the insect abundance. On the other hand, urban-adapted species demonstrated a high tolerance on light exposure, whereas forest-dwelling and edge species showed heightened sensitivity. The findings suggest species-specific light tolerances and its long-term behavioral impacts. By integrating these findings in urban planning and conservation efforts, the adverse effect of ALAN on bat’s behavior can be minimized, in addition to ensure the preservation of their essential ecosystem services.