Macrophage & Endometrial Receptivity

Macrophages are pivotal immune cells that contribute significantly to the regulation of uterine receptivity and embryo implantation. Their ability to polarize into functionally distinct subtypes—pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti- inflammatory (M2)—allows them to adapt to different phases of the reproductive cycle. During implantation, macrophages aid in tissue remodelling, angiogenesis, and immune tolerance, all crucial for successful embryo development. However, dysfunctions in macrophage polarization have been increasingly associated with implantation failure and infertility, especially in cases involving endometriosis, chronic endometritis, and metabolic disorders. Understanding their roles opens new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for enhancing fertility outcomes, especially in IVF treatments.