Accuracy vs Convenience: Why Manual Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Remains Essential for Regulatory Compliance

This research paper examines the comparative aspects of manual and online ambient air quality monitoring systems, highlighting their roles in regulatory compliance within India. Despite technological advancements favouring online monitoring for its convenience and immediacy, manual monitoring methods remain indispensable due to their superior accuracy, reliability, and traceability. By analysing the guidelines mandated by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), this paper emphasizes the continued necessity of manual sampling for critical regulatory submissions such as Form V and Environmental Clearances (EC). The paper concludes with strategic recommendations advocating an integrated monitoring approach, combining the strengths of both manual and online methodologies for optimal environmental management and regulatory compliance.