Effect of Deep Breathing Exercises on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case-Based Report

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive pulmonary disorder characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation, significantly impacting quality of life and physical function. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as deep breathing exercises (DBEs), are gaining recognition as effective adjuncts in managing COPD symptoms.  Objective: To evaluate the effect of a structured deep breathing exercise program on pulmonary function, oxygenation, exercise capacity, and dyspnea in a patient with moderate COPD.  Case Presentation: A 65-year-old male with a three-year history of GOLD Stage II COPD presented with exertional breathlessness, chronic cough, and reduced stamina. Baseline spirometry revealed FEV1 of 58% predicted and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance of 310 meters. A 4-week DBE protocol, including diaphragmatic breathing, pursed-lip breathing, thoracic expansion, segmental breathing, and incentive spirometry, was administered five days per week.  Outcomes: Post-intervention, the patient demonstrated improvements in SpO2 (from 89% to 94%), FEV1 (to 64% predicted), 6MWT distance (from 310 to 380 meters), and dyspnea (Borg score reduced from 4 to 2). Subjective reports included reduced breathlessness, improved sleep, and enhanced confidence in physical activity.  Conclusion: The incorporation of DBEs into COPD management resulted in clinically significant improvements in respiratory function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. DBEs should be considered a valuable component of long-term pulmonary rehabilitation strategies.