A Review of Premature Menopause (Wuqoof-E-Haiz Qabl-E-Waqt): Unani Concepts, Lifestyle Modifications and Integrative Strategies

Premature menopause (Wuqoof-e-Haiz Qabl-e-Waqt) refers to the irreversible stoppage of menstruation before the age of 40, primarily due to early ovarian failure, and affects nearly 1% of women. It results in a range of physiological and psychological issues, including infertility, hormonal disturbances, and a heightened risk of long-term health problems. Clinically, it typically manifests as secondary amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea and can be triggered by genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, or medical interventions like chemotherapy or surgical removal of reproductive organs. Diagnosis in conventional medicine is based on high levels of FSH, low estradiol, and ruling out other potential causes. Conventional treatment includes hormone therapy; however, concerns over side effects have led to increased interest in alternative therapies. Unani medicine provides a holistic approach to the management of premature menopause through correction of altered temperament and the use of natural remedies, such as Asgandh (Withania somnifera), Ustukhuddus (Lavandula stoechas), and Majoon-e-Najah. The Unani perspective emphasizes the role of temperament (Mizaj), lifestyle (Ilaj bit-Tadbeer), diet (Ilaj bil-Ghiza), and pharmacotherapy (Ilaj bid-Dawa) in managing menopausal symptoms. Premature menopause significantly impacts fertility and quality of life. Advances in fertility preservation and psychological support are crucial for patient well-being. Greater awareness, early diagnosis, and integrative treatment strategies that incorporate both conventional and traditional systems like Unani medicine are essential for improving patient outcomes.