Analysis of Factors Associated with Hepatic Hydatid Cysts in Patients Visiting Abu Ali Sina Provincial Teaching Hospital in Balkh During the Year 2004

Hepatic hydatid disease is a significant health issue in rural and underdeveloped communities, caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the incidence of this disease among patients visiting Abu Ali Sina Regional Teaching Hospital in Balkh during the year 1403. This descriptive- analytical study was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. Data from 100 patients with hydatid cysts and 50 non-infected individuals as a control group were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using various statistical tests, such as chi-square and correlation analysis. The results indicated that women (65%) are more affected by the disease than men (35%). Additionally, the prevalence of the disease in rural areas (70%) was significantly higher than in urban areas. Direct contact with dogs (P=0.001), poor environmental sanitation (P=0.002), and consumption of unsafe drinking water (P=0.01) were identified as the most significant risk factors. Additionally, a positive and significant correlation was observed between the age of patients and the severity of the disease (r = 0.45, p = 0.03), as well as between the number of cysts and their size (r = 0.60, p = 0.01). Socio-environmental factors such as contact with infected dogs, poor sanitary conditions, and living in rural areas have a significant impact on the prevalence of hydatid cysts. Improving public health, educating communities, and managing dog populations are essential measures to reduce the risk of the disease. Additionally, early screening and focusing on vulnerable groups can be effective in reducing the severity of the disease.