Integration of Lean Six Sigma and Digital Transformation for Business 4.0

This study examines the integration of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) and Digital Transformation (DT) in culinary MSMEs in Medan City, Indonesia, within the Business 4.0 context. Through qualitative analysis of 15 MSMEs, findings reveal that while 90% adopt basic digital tools (e.g., Go Food, POS systems), only 20% formally understand LSS principles. Key challenges include resource limitations (80% lack training), high implementation costs, and cultural resistance to change. Successful partial integration shows 15-30% productivity gains, though full LSS-DT synthesis remains unrealized. The study proposes a three-phase "Lean Digital MSME" framework incorporating local contextual factors, validated through comparative analysis with Thailand and Mexico. Practical recommendations include establishing government-supported Digital-Lean Hubs and phased training programs. These findings contribute to the theoretical discourse on adapting industrial methodologies for developing-economy MSMEs while offering actionable pathways for culinary businesses transitioning to Industry 4.0.